應(yīng)收賬款(Trade Receivables)應(yīng)收賬款是指企業(yè)在正常的經(jīng)營(yíng)過程中因銷售商品、產(chǎn)品、提供勞務(wù)等業(yè)務(wù),應(yīng)向購買單位收取的款項(xiàng),包括應(yīng)由購買單位或接受勞務(wù)單位負(fù)擔(dān)的稅金、代購買方墊付的包裝費(fèi)各種運(yùn)雜費(fèi)等;此外,在有銷售折扣的情況下,還應(yīng)考慮商業(yè)折扣和現(xiàn)金折扣等因素 。
分錄編寫(會(huì)計(jì)處理)
銷售商品時(shí):
|
Dr |
Trade receivables |
XXX |
|
|
|
Cr |
Sales |
XXX |
收回款項(xiàng):
|
Dr |
Cash |
XXX |
|
|
|
Cr |
Trade receivables |
XXX |
在做應(yīng)收賬款的分錄時(shí)還要額外考慮折扣的情況,折扣分為兩種:商業(yè)折扣和現(xiàn)金折扣:
A trade discount is a reduction in the list price of an article, given by a wholesaler or manufacturer to a retailer. It is often given in return for bulk purchase orders.
商業(yè)折扣,是指企業(yè)根據(jù)市場(chǎng)供需情況或針對(duì)不同的顧客,在商品標(biāo)價(jià)上給予的扣除,是促銷的一種手段。企業(yè)發(fā)生的應(yīng)收賬款在有商業(yè)折扣的情況下,應(yīng)按扣除商業(yè)折扣后的金額入賬,即商業(yè)折扣對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)核算不產(chǎn)生任何影響。舉個(gè)例子:
Annie sells 10 tons of mine to Belly with the list price of $200 per ton, to strength the relationship; Annie gives him a 10% trade discount.
|
Customer (Belly) |
|||
|
Dr |
Purchase (200'10'90%) |
$1,800 |
|
|
|
Cr |
Trade payable |
$1,800 |
|
Supplier (Annie) |
|||
|
Dr |
Trade receivables (200'10'90%) |
$1,800 |
|
|
|
Cr |
Sales |
$1,800 |
Cash/settlement discount: a reduction in the amount payable in return for payment in cash, or within an agreed period.
現(xiàn)金折扣是指在銷售商品收入金額確定的情況下,供應(yīng)商為鼓勵(lì)客戶在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)早日付款而給與的優(yōu)惠。
針對(duì)供應(yīng)商而言,銷售時(shí)確定對(duì)方是否采納折扣依賴于與顧客之前的交易情況做出判斷。
如果預(yù)期客戶會(huì)采納折扣,那么應(yīng)收賬款的金額是減去折扣的凈值,在后期客戶支付情況做不同那的分錄對(duì)待;如果預(yù)期客戶不會(huì)采納折扣,那么先全額記錄,后期客戶的還款情況來調(diào)整應(yīng)收賬款的余額。舉個(gè)例子:
B purchase goods from A at a price of $8000 and a offered a discount of 5% for payment within 10 days of the invoice date. Discount: 8000*5%=400
- Expect to take up
|
Initial record: |
Dr Trade receivable 7600 |
|
|
Cr Sales 7600 |
|
If takes up : |
Dr Cash 7600 |
|
|
Cr Trade receivable 7600 |
|
If not take up: |
Dr Trade receivable 400 |
|
|
Cr Sales 400 |
|
|
Dr Cash 8000 |
|
|
Cr Trade receivable 8000 |
- Not expect to take up
|
Initial record: |
Dr Trade receivable 8000 |
|
|
Cr Sales 8000 |
|
If takes up : |
Dr Cash 7600 |
|
|
Cr Trade receivable 7600 |
|
|
Dr Sales 400 |
|
|
Cr Trade receivable 400 |
|
If not take up: |
Dr Cash 8000 |
|
|
Cr Trade receivable 8000 |
Trade receivable應(yīng)收賬款這個(gè)科目你學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?



