To understand the origins of the CFA designation and the program, we must first go back to 1942, the New York Society of Security Analysts (NYSSA), and a guy called Benjamin Graham who wrote the book The Intelligent Investor.
The Dean of Wall Street
As those who studied economics will know, Ben Graham wasn’t just any run-of-the-mill analyst. ‘The Dean of Wall Street’, as he was called, was considered the first proponent of value investing, an investment approach he began teaching at Columbia Business School in 1928, where he published Security Analysis with his colleague David Dodd, which laid the intellectual foundation for what would later be called value investing and is still used to teach in Columbia Business School to this date. His subsequent book, The Intelligent Investor, which Buffett calls "the greatest book on investing ever written", introduced the Mr. Market analogy, perhaps the best investment analogy in history.
Warren Buffet Takes A Schooling
Through his class at Columbia, Graham went on to teach and mentor a determined, ambitious young man by the name of Warren Buffett. Buffett would eventually go on to work for Ben Graham in his investment partnership and acquire GEICO, an insurance company of which Graham was Chairman in earlier years. In fact, Buffett cites Ben Graham as the second most influential person in his life (after his own father) and even named his son, Howard Graham Buffett, after him. A likeness of Ben Graham, commissioned by Warren Buffett, adorns the headquarters of the CFA Institute today in Charlottesville, VA.
The Qualified Security Analyst
During the 1940s, Graham originated the idea of a certification process for financial analysts, which was then formally proposed and approved by the New York Society of Security Analysts. Illustrating his thoughts in The Analyst’s Journal, published by the NYSSA in 1945, Graham outlined the advantages of such a certification, then put forth as the Qualified Security Analyst (QSA):
An indication to investing clients the attainment of minimum requirements on knowledge and professional competence
Additional prestige for the analyst
The possibility of increased financial reward and employability
It's interesting how much of it still holds true to the CFA designation today.
Dissenters & Opposers
However, although the NYSSA endorsed Graham’s proposal, it had a dissenting opinion, spearheaded by Lucien Hooper (we’ll get to him later) and it was not until 1963 that the program got off the ground.
Although Graham’s idea was not implemented at the time, it was refined over the years and in 1953 the NYSSA again reviewed a proposal of a ‘Senior Security Analyst’ designation, to be earned after 10 years of investment experience and submission of an analytical appraisal of securities. Many objections on the overemphasis on seniority followed the proposal review and a certification process resembling Graham’s original idea began to take shape.
However, it was to be another 10 years before financial analyst societies across the US would agree on a single defining accreditation that became the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
Karma's a b*tch - the CFA designation is born
The first exam was held on June 15, 1963, and over 300 analysts studied for and took the exam. As this was the first time, many of the candidates were actually seasoned pros - in fact, all who studied for that particular exam were at least 45 years old - 33 of them were over 60 - and many had 30+ years experience as analysts.
Among those was good old Lucien Hooper, 66, who originally opposed Ben Graham’s proposal back in 1945.
Candidates take the exam for the very first time (here at the University of California in Los Angeles) in 1963. Rooms didn't have to be the warehouses they are today then!
Charter Number One: earned by George M. Hansen, long-time leader of the Financial Analysts' Federation in 1963
Hope you found our short history of the CFA designation an interesting read. If you've got more interesting anecdotes to share, do share with us in the comments below.
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備注：(CFA備考資料包含：1、CFA職業(yè)倫理道德手冊(cè) 2、CFA專用詞匯表3、CFA專用公式表 4、CFA協(xié)會(huì)原版書(shū)課后習(xí)題5、CFA協(xié)會(huì)歷年MOCK習(xí)題6、CFA前導(dǎo)課程7、CFA 報(bào)名流程引導(dǎo)圖 8、CFA電子版資料 9、CFA百題精選題)
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