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2023-07-12 21:49Module 5-官網(wǎng)習(xí)題-Question 42-A選項(xiàng)答案不明白，請(qǐng)解析。尤其是：為什么可支配收入中的邊際消費(fèi)傾向小于1？為什么“當(dāng)可支配收入每減少1美元，必然伴隨著支出減少c美元（其中c是邊際消費(fèi)傾向）”？為什么“總支出的下降幅度將小于增稅幅度的一個(gè)系數(shù)c。這種額外的產(chǎn)出反過來又會(huì)通過乘數(shù)效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致收入和產(chǎn)出的進(jìn)一步增加?！保?/h3>
所屬：CFA Level I > Economics
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Alex助教
2023-07-13 13:18
該回答已被題主采納
We define s as the marginal propensity to save (MPS), the amount saved out of
an additional dollar of disposable income. Because c + s = 1
disposable income就兩個(gè)用途，消費(fèi)跟存款。消費(fèi)的比例=消費(fèi)/disposable income是恒小于一的，也被稱為邊際消費(fèi)傾向小于1。
disposable incom減少1，那么消費(fèi)就按比例減少了c*1.
Households spend a proportion c of disposable income, YD, that is, cYD or c(Y– NT) or c(1 – t)Y.
YD = Y – NT = (1 – t) Y
Y=G+C+I+X-M
C消費(fèi)增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致Y增加，Y增加YD會(huì)增加（1-t）Y,有一部分被消費(fèi)了也就是c(1-t)Y,消費(fèi)增加又會(huì)導(dǎo)致Y增加，以此循環(huán)
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追問
這句話怎么理解：總支出的下降幅度將小于增稅幅度的一個(gè)系數(shù)c ？是依據(jù)哪個(gè)公式展開說的？
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追答
可以參考原版書325頁給出的例子
Suppose an economy has an equilibrium output or income level of $1,000 consisting
of $900 of consumption and $100 of investment spending, which is fixed and
not related to income. If government spending is set at $200, financed by a tax rate of
20 percent (giving tax revenue of $200), what will happen to output? First, additional
government spending of $200 will raise output by that amount; but will taxes of $200
reduce output by a similar amount? Not if the MPC is less than 1; suppose it is 0.9, and
hence spending will only fall by 90 percent of $200, or $180. The initial impact of the
balanced fiscal package on aggregate demand will be to raise it by $200–$180 = $20.
根據(jù)cYD.
根據(jù)題干，假設(shè)增加的政府支出與稅都是x。因?yàn)槎愒黾觴,那么可支配收入減少x，消費(fèi)減少cx. 又因?yàn)檎С鍪莤,所以總效應(yīng)為x-cx
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回復(fù)Alex：答復(fù)中的這個(gè)公式 Y=G+C+I+X-M，在書(中文版)上P281-2.1總需求標(biāo)題下方第3段中的標(biāo)黃處；YD = Y – NT = (1 – t) Y在書(中文版)上P331-標(biāo)題2.2.2 乘數(shù)效應(yīng)
