Objective of codes and standard:永遠(yuǎn)是為了maintain public trust in
1. Financial market
2. Investment profession
6個code of ethics
1. Code 1—ethics and pertinent d persons
2. Code 2---primacy of client’s interest
a. Integrity with investment profession
b. 客戶利益高于自身利益
3. Code 3---reasonable and independent
a. 必須注意reasonable care
b. 必須exercise independent professional judgment---必須獨(dú)立判斷!
4. Code 4---ethical culture in the profession
a. 不但自己要practice, 而且要鼓勵別人practice—不僅僅是自己一個人去做, 要所有人共同去做
5. Code 5---ethnical culture in the capital market!
a. 促進(jìn)整個capital market的integrity,推廣其相關(guān)法規(guī)---增強(qiáng)公眾對資本市場的trust!
b. Capital market是基于
i. Fairly pricing of risky assets;
ii. Investors‘ confidence
6. 有關(guān)competence—能力---competence
7個standard of professional conduct
1. Standard 1---professionalism---knowledge of law
a. 不需要成為法律專家, 但是必須understand和comply with applicable law;
b. 當(dāng)兩個law發(fā)生conflict,則要遵守更加嚴(yán)格的法律!
c. Knowingly---know or should know
d. 必須attempt to stop the violation, 如果不能stop, then must dissociate from the violation!必須從其中分離出去!
i. Remove name from the written report;
ii. Ask for a different assignment
e. 并不要求向有關(guān)部門report?。╠o not require)
f. 向CFA 進(jìn)行書面報(bào)告report--encouraged to so
2. Standard 1 ---professionalism---integrity of capital market
a. Bias from client or other groups—listed company,controlling shareholder!
b. Bias from sell side analyst
c. Buyer side client—
d. Issuer paid report---只能接受flat fee for their work
3. Standard 1 ---professionalism---misinterpretation—不能誤導(dǎo)客戶, 不能剽竊其他人的研究成果
4. Standard 1 ---professionalism---misconduct---
5. Standard 2---integrity of capital market
a. 不能使用非公開信息!---material nonpublic information---
b. mosaic theory---conclusion from analysis of public and non-material nonpublic information
6. standard 3—
a. Loyalty, prudence and care---
duties to clients
i. 如何定義客戶? ---考慮終受益人!---雇傭我們的人未必就是我們的客戶, 要考慮終受益人!
ii. Soft dollar---when a manager uses client brokerage to purchase research report to benefit the investment manager---比如, 作為基金公司,使用證券公司的席位進(jìn)行交易, 肯定會支付一定的費(fèi)用, 這些費(fèi)用來自客戶, 所以基金公司只能用這些soft dollar為客戶服務(wù)!
b. Fair dealing---
i. 對所有客戶要公平客觀
ii. 個別的客戶要求, 可以征收premium的費(fèi)用之后, 是可以做的! 條件是, 其他的分析都已經(jīng)公布給其他客戶了
iii. More critical when changes recommendation
iv. Investment action---taking investment action based on research recommendation
v. Prorated the allocation
c. Suitability
i. 了解客戶的經(jīng)驗(yàn), 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)目標(biāo)
ii. 要有書面目標(biāo)—至少一年進(jìn)行更新!
iii. 是否和客戶的書面目標(biāo)相符合?
iv. 是否符合客戶的整個total portfolio的投資目標(biāo)?
v. 必須理解其投資組合的constraints,只能進(jìn)行符合其書面目標(biāo)的投資推薦!
1. Investment policy statement—IPS---risk tolerance,return requirement,investment
2. Constraint---time horizon, liquidity needs, tax concerns, legal and regulatory factors, unique circumstances
d. Performance presentation
i. 這里有performance presentation的規(guī)定, 同時在GIPS里面也有類似規(guī)定! 其區(qū)別是
1. 一個是自愿的---GIPS, 一個是必需的;
2. 一個是針對公司—firm wide, 一個是針對個人member和candidate
3. GIPS要求公司to use accurate input data and approved calculation method, to prevent the performance record in accordance with a prescribed format
e. Preservation of confidentiality---必須保密---可以不保密的情況
i. 違法行為
ii. 法律要求進(jìn)行披露
iii. Client或者prospective client同意披露
iv. 以現(xiàn)行法律為準(zhǔn)
v. CFA進(jìn)行investigate
相關(guān)CFA頻道內(nèi)容推薦: CFA考試科目 CFA報(bào)考資格 CFA報(bào)名條件


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