金程問(wèn)答老師,請(qǐng)講解一下LM3課后題的Q20,謝謝。
老師,請(qǐng)講解一下LM3原版書(shū)課后題的Q9,謝謝。
精 老師,請(qǐng)?jiān)敿?xì)講解一下該科目LM3課后題的Q16,我主要對(duì)forward rate bias不太理解,謝謝。
老師您好,這題我能理解說(shuō)的是spread risk, 信用利差會(huì)考慮在折現(xiàn)率上。但是題干中提到的most investment solutions use a more diversified and lower-quality portfolio of corporate bonds.我不是很理解,如果spread很大,想要分散信用利差風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為什么要用Lower-quality,不是應(yīng)該用更好的評(píng)級(jí)的債券來(lái)減少信用利差嗎?Conversely, you can face the opposite problem, if you use Treasury futures or interest rate swaps to hedge the liabilities. 這里說(shuō)如果用國(guó)債期貨或者IRS則會(huì)面對(duì)相反的問(wèn)題,用國(guó)債期貨和IRS就是沒(méi)有credit spread了,這怎么還會(huì)有問(wèn)題呢?答案中提到的The typically wider spreads of lower-quality bonds may underperform the spreads of higher-quality bonds in a market sell-off. Conversely, hedging the liabilities with swaps may not provide enough of a spread risk hedge relative to using corporate bonds such that if spreads tighten, high-quality corporate bonds (used to discount liabilities) may outperform swaps. 這里說(shuō)在sell-off的時(shí)候,wider spreads表現(xiàn)比較差,是指wider spreads bonds的價(jià)格低于Higher spread bonds嘛?為什么用swap對(duì)沖不夠,但是用公司債對(duì)沖反而更好呢?公司債的信用利差不是應(yīng)該會(huì)更大嗎?
老師您好,這題的題干要求protect from rates falling further if their view is incorrect while also increasing the hedge ratio if rates rise. 也就是說(shuō)在利率上升的時(shí)候提高h(yuǎn)edge ratio,在利率下降的時(shí)候想讓asset少下降一些。我理解利率下降的時(shí)候,債券價(jià)格上漲,本身處于underfund的狀態(tài)是希望資產(chǎn)的價(jià)格上漲更多的,那么就要增加duration,此時(shí)需要receive fixed, 但是答案卻說(shuō) A receiver swaption would allow the plan to receive a fixed (higher) rate if rates rally,即利率回升的時(shí)候要收f(shuō)ixed,和我理解的利率下降要receive fixed相悖,是我哪里理解錯(cuò)了?另外我理解,利率上升時(shí)市場(chǎng)上的參與者都是想要收浮動(dòng)支固定;利率下降時(shí)市場(chǎng)上的參與者都是想要收固定支浮動(dòng)。那么希望利率不管上升下降時(shí)候都有利(即要么protect要么increasing the hedge ratio),不應(yīng)該都買swaption嗎?雖然題干也提到想要costless,但感覺(jué)sell option不行誒
老師您好,這個(gè)題可以用Contingent immunization我能理解,因?yàn)橛衧urplus,用Contingent immunization是最好的。不能用Cash flow matching答案中說(shuō)會(huì)導(dǎo)致reinvestment risk and forgone returns on cash holdings,這一點(diǎn)我不是很理解,CF matching不是剛剛好能把a(bǔ)sset的現(xiàn)金匹配至liability嘛?怎么還會(huì)有reinvestment risk的?forgone returns on cash holdings是不是因?yàn)閟urplus的情況下,不需要那么asset就能實(shí)現(xiàn)CF matching了,surplus部分的資產(chǎn)就以現(xiàn)金的形式hold住,而非去投資賺取收益,所以會(huì)丟失一些return?最后是duration match為啥也可以呢?Wharton的duration of assets比duration of liabilities小很多,duration match的要求之一是asset duration 大于等于 liability duration誒~
老師您好,這題題干說(shuō)到固收組合,更偏向于用passive而非active,是因?yàn)閞isk of measurement error will be greater than asset liquidity risk 。想問(wèn)為什么passive的measurement error會(huì)比資產(chǎn)的流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大呢?這里的risk of measurement error 是指負(fù)債的還是指資產(chǎn)的?答案中說(shuō)measurement error在被動(dòng)策略里會(huì)存在,意思是measurement error其實(shí)是被動(dòng)/主動(dòng)策略都有的吧?又提到在將主動(dòng)投資添加到被動(dòng)固定收益投資組合的策略中,資產(chǎn)流動(dòng)性可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,liquidity risk是只有主動(dòng)投資才會(huì)有的嗎?
老師好,第2題策略 1 在為未來(lái)負(fù)債提供資金(現(xiàn)金流量方面更好的可預(yù)測(cè)性)和降低基金的國(guó)內(nèi)債券投資組合和股票投資組合之間的相關(guān)性(更好的分散化)方面優(yōu)于策略 2,這個(gè)解析不太理解
視頻里這一頁(yè)和講義里關(guān)于這一段的描述完全相反。講義里說(shuō)利率未來(lái)預(yù)期要下降的時(shí)候,對(duì)沖比例會(huì)更高。請(qǐng)問(wèn)以哪一個(gè)為準(zhǔn)?
還是不能理解為什么swap bpv還要再除以100?future為什么就可以不用除呢?future用債券的話也是面值為100的債券???
老師您好,請(qǐng)問(wèn)官網(wǎng)題這里算出來(lái)是552 contracts,但選項(xiàng)卻因?yàn)槔暑A(yù)期會(huì)下降,所以要買高于552contracts,我有些疑問(wèn),552已經(jīng)fully immunization了,不論利率上漲還是下降都會(huì)剛好match上,為什么要因?yàn)槔暑A(yù)期下降而多配置一些futures?答案提到:Because the value of assets is more than 4% greater than the value of liabilities (217.3/206.8 – 1 = 5.1%) and Puhuyesva believes interest rates will fall, the duration of assets should be greater than the duration of liabilities so that the surplus will rise if interest rates do fall. 為什么資產(chǎn)價(jià)值高于負(fù)債價(jià)值,duration就應(yīng)該要greater than the duration of liabilities呢?
視頻里老師提到零息債券只有一年以內(nèi)的。如果在免疫策略里找不到零息債券是否也是可以用付息的債券呢?
老師您好,請(qǐng)問(wèn)這題的A和B錯(cuò)在哪里呀?A中credit spread的確是PD*LGD,感覺(jué)也沒(méi)問(wèn)題哦
老師您好,rolldown return = (expected bond price - current bond price)/current bond price, 這里yield下降25bps,利率下降則債券價(jià)格會(huì)上漲,我理解expected bond price會(huì)上升,此時(shí)rolldown return不是應(yīng)該變大嘛?為什么是C選項(xiàng)的negative呢?
老師您好,這題解析中提到計(jì)算Expected excess return,提到利差瞬時(shí)變動(dòng),那么應(yīng)該基于Spread0之上乘以0以體現(xiàn)時(shí)間因素。解析是僅在spread0上考慮持有時(shí)間問(wèn)題。沖刺比較是提到spread0和POD*LGD兩個(gè)部分是需要考慮持有時(shí)間問(wèn)題的。視頻解析里,就完全沒(méi)考慮持有時(shí)間問(wèn)題了。有點(diǎn) 疑惑
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